Political Violence and Kurds in Turkey: Fragmentations, Mobilizations, Participations & Repertoires by Mehmet Orhan

Author:Mehmet Orhan [Orhan, Mehmet]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Social Science, Political Science, General, Regional Studies
ISBN: 9781317420446
Google: fN69CgAAQBAJ
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2015-10-16T12:27:54+00:00

Notes

1 My analysis only deals with the militant habitus of the PKK and does not constitute a study about political habitus of Kurdish society.

2 For the notion of habitus, cf. Bourdieu, Pierre, “Questions de politique”, Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, n°16, September, 1977, pp. 55–89; Questions de Sociologie, Paris, Minuit, 1980; Leçon sur la leçon, Paris, Minuit, 1982; Propos sur le champ politique (with an introduction by Philippe Fritsch), Lyon, Presses universitaires de Lyon, 2000. For a commentary about the notion, cf. also, Pinto, Louis, Sapiro, Gisèle and Champagne, Patrick, Pierre Bourdieu, sociologue, Paris, Fayard, 2004.

3 Simmel, Georg, Sociologie: Etudes sur les formes de la socialisation, Paris, PUF, 1999.

4 Here, I am not making any distinction between the theories of “resource mobilization”, “collective action” and “new social movements” as, in spite of some diverging perspectives on political action, they adopt an almost similar approach of violence that was criticized in the Introduction.

5 For this critical approach, see Seidman, Gay, “Guerillas in their Midst: Armed Struggle in the South African Anti-Apartheid Movement”, Mobilization, Vol. 6, n° 2, 2001, pp. 111–127.

6 Della Porta, Donatella, “Research on Social Movements and Political Violence”, Qualitative Sociology, Vol. 31, 2008, pp. 221–230.

7 The role of radicalism and violence in mobilization was pointed out in some works. Tilly, Charles, From Mobilization to Revolution, Reading, MA, Addison Wesley, 1978, pp. 52–55 and 178–188; Piven, Frances Fox, and Cloward, Richard A., Poor People’s Movement: How They Succeed and Why They Fail, New York, Vintage, 1977. Elisabeth Wood (2003) and Charles Brockett (2005) focus more broadly on political violence in their works about collective action.

8 One of the most important documents is Doğru Yolu Kavrayalım (Let’s comprehend the right way). The text consulted has no author, but belongs to the PKK (November 1978).

9 Please note that these texts constituted instruments of armed propaganda at the same time.

10 It is possible that Mahir Çayan’s writings may have contributed to the diffusion of the Maoist perspective of guerilla war in Kurdist milieus in the 1970s. Çayan (1945–1972) was a Marxist intellectual and militant, and founder of THKP-C (People’s Liberation Party/Front of Turkey). His theoretical writings including various references to Maoist guerillas got published at the end of the 1960s and early in the 1970s in Turkey. Çayan, Mahir, Teorik Yazılar, Istanbul: Gökkuşağı Yayınları, 1996.

11 Mao Tse-tung, On guerilla warfare, New York, Classic House Books, 2009.

12 One can find similar observations in the following sources of the PKK: Seviyorsan Savaş (If you love, make war), no author, no place, no date; Ayaklanma Taktiği Üzerine Tezler ve Görevlerimiz (Theses on the strategy of rebellion and our responsibilities), no author, no place, no date.

13 Öcalan, Abdullah, Kürdistan’da zorun rolü [The role of force in Kurdistan] Cologne, Weşanên Serxwebûn, 1993 [1983], p. 297. The work that I consulted has no author. It is assumed to have been written by Abdullah Öcalan.

14 PKK, Ayaklanma Taktiği Üzerine Tezler ve Görevlerimiz, 1979.

15 PKK Kuruluş Bildirisi [The communiqué of the PKK’s foundation], no author, no place, no date, p.

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